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Courtesy of Dr. Lawrence J. Cunningham. Research Associate Outreach Coordinator National Resource Center for Micronesian Studies; Richard Flores Taitano Micronesian Area Research Center, University of Guam UOG Station Mangilao, Guam 96923.  All material is Copyrighted©.  All rights reserved. No material may be copied in part or in whole without Dr. Cunningham's written permission.   Send emails to  "Lawrence J. Cunningham" lcunning@uog9.uog.edu.  Thank You.


Marianas' Past
Taotaomo'na Behavior


   The  taotaomo'na are believed  to  own  nature.  They protect their territorial rights and conserve natural resources.  Taotaomo'na  who live near large trees keep the ground under them as clean as if  the area had been swept by a broom.  The taotaomo'na are upset by   the willful destruction of the environment or by those who take more from the land or sea than their family needs.  Taotaomo'na have a habit of taking fishing nets and food.  Hunters will shoot an  animal, but when they arrive at the spot where the deer or bat fell, they will find nothing.  The  taotaomo'na has already collected the kill. Taotaomo'na are reported to take the shape of a headless deer, a bird, a crab, or other animals. 

   People who do not ask the taotaomo'na's permission to enter the jungle will incur their wrath.  Those who do not ask the taotaomo'na's permission to get water from the river, to fish or hunt, to eliminate body wastes, to pick fruit, or cut plants will be punished by the taotaomo'na. 

   The taotaomo'na can make a  person sick or crazy.  Oftentimes  they leave brown, red,  yellow, or purple marks on the intruder.  Sometimes they leave teeth marks. The taotaomo'na often cause  the illness chetnot maipe (a  hot  fever).  Some people afflicted  by  the taotaomo'na have no apparent illness but  just waste away. 
  Physicians have been unable to diagnose these afflicted persons' illnesses and have been powerless to restore the  victims' health.  Those who have been kidnapped by the taotaomo'na often suffer  from chetnot manman.   In this condition they simply stare into  space and cannot remember anything. Suruhanus (herb doctors) often are able to cure sicknesses caused by the taotaomo'na.  They are able to diagnose and cure these illnesses because they have a special relationship with these ancestral spirits. 

    Taotaomo'na stir up damaging winds and cause the wind to moan  and howl. Some are called lamlamtaotao (lightning  people).  Some taotaomo'na haunt people by making  strange  noises  in  the  night or by pounding on the house.  Oftentimes they are caught  following someone, but when the person turns around, nothing is there.  They have even been known to kidnap people.  When those who have been kidnapped are found, they are usually dazed and cannot  speak.  Sometimes children are taken by a taotaomo'na disguised as their aunt or uncle. 

     Women and children are thought to be especially vulnerable to  the taotaomo'na, especially pregnant  women.  They do not like the smell of breast milk or a pregnant  woman.   This may go back to the fact that women and children lived in their husband's or father's clan territory.  This land was protected  by the husband's or father's clan's ancestral spirits. The ancestral spirits of other people's clans were more   likely to be hostile. 

      The taotaomo'na  befriend some individuals.  They are called gai taotao (possessed ones).  The taotaomo'na give their friends supernatural strength.  For example,  they will help them lift a coconut log or a bridge beam.  Nevertheless, no matter how  strong the rapport with the taotaomo'na, a human can never control them. People can ask for help,  but more often  than  not, they are the instrument of the taotaomo'na.  People who have a taotaomona gachong or friend go to church,  but  always stand outside.  When such a person dies, the taotaomo'na will try to attach itself to one of the person's close relatives.